Business Research Project Essay Example for Free

Business Research Project Essay Peacefulness Stay Long Term Care is a Specialty Hospital situated in Memphis, Tennessee. The organization is a 50 bed office that takes into account patients on ventilators, patients requiring active recuperation, and patients requiring wound consideration. The office has been losing a ton of good Register Nursing (R.N.) faculty and Human Resource imagines that it is a result of the long 12 hours days required to work. To give exceptional consideration to our patients Serenity Stay must figure out how to keep great R. N. work force. Tranquility Stay Long Term Care Hospital and Human Resources should concentrate on the accompanying examination question, is working 12 hours’ worth the hazard, since it is exhausting the nursing staff? Or then again should the executives take a gander at changing the hours to profit staff needs, which might lessen a drop in loss of staff? The principal thing we will take a gander at is to check whether o12 hour move are causing our nursing staff work force to exhaust medical attendants at Serenity Stay is causing a drop in business. Also we will take a gander at is if working the 12 hours move isn't the reason for loss of nursing faculty. Group A designs to test climate keeping a 12 hour move or returning to a 8 hour move will help keep the attendants upbeat. We will lead studies, talk with different offices that are encountering similar issues, and talk with the staff in question. On the off chance that working 12 hours shifts give off an impression of being the issue, at that point we could take a gander at returning to 8 hour shifts, Townsend, T. (2013). Are twelve hour shifts safe? Recovered fromhttp://www.american nurture today

Ethnic Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Ethnic Studies - Essay Example The film presents a convincing romantic tale about a couple from various races. Jihah is in quest for the American dream and depict s himself from the Korean culture. He makes Sophie glad by giving her a kid, which is her long lasting dream. The film isn't about who Sophie winds up with, yet rather in the event that she gets upbeat. She picks up her self-satisfaction through the relationship with Jihah, who she agreements to make her pregnant and spare her marriage. All things considered, they are the two outsiders who engage in sexual relations, however frantically attempt to maintain a strategic distance from closeness. In their cold experiences, the two obviously appear to battle the need to bond. In the long run and unavoidably, they wind up seeing someone the business idea of their relationship. In spite of the fact that Sophie is a wealthy lady, her barren spouse, who is likewise Korean, places her in an unbalanced situation where she can't be a mother. The way that she recruits somebody to inseminate her makes it fit towards a cross-class relationship, yet the later sentimental relationship implies that it is an interracial relationship. Furthermore, Sophie dates an affluent Korean man and this connotes their interracial relationship. Despite the fact that there is the trading of cash, a late-sprouting enthusiasm modifies the upbeat finish of the film. None of them anticipated the feelings that go with their interracial

Video Lesson Using Advanced Search Effectively

Video Lesson Using Advanced Search Effectively (4) Level: All Length: 2:54 Looking for more? Click here to see all of our video lessons and infographics. The Internet is a big place. So big, in fact, that a quick search online often results in thousands, even millions, of matching results. Sifting through page after page of results can be draining and frustrating, especially if you’re not finding what you need for your specific research purpose. The advanced search feature allows researchers (you!) to find the information they need quickly and easily. What is advanced searching? Advanced searching is the act of narrowing search results, with the help of filters, to match research needs. Advanced searching allows researchers to limit their results to display: certain types of files, such as pdfs, PowerPoints, jpgs, and others sources in a specific language websites ending with a specific domain, such as .edu, .gov, .org, and others sources published on an exact date or a date range materials with certain usage rights (for sharing or modification purposes) sources with certain words or phrases omitted or included sites and resources from specific countries For Teachers Advanced searching is available on most search engines and databases and is a time saver during the research process. This is why it’s so important to provide our students with the understanding and knowledge of how to use advanced searching. The Advanced Search How To video provides students with an understanding of: why the advanced search feature on search engines and databases are helpful how to access the advanced search features on Google and Yahoo! and the various options available on each how the use of quotation marks and boolean operators (and, or, not) can benefit search queries the use of database limiters to narrow results other various strategies to help with the search process Don’t forget to cite sources you’ve found on ! Similar to advanced searching, can be a time saver during the research process! Citing in MLA format, as well as creating an APA title page is free.

The Journey Of The Virgin Suicides - 1978 Words

The Virgin Suicides takes place in 1974 in Grosse Point, Michigan. Here lives your typical family of seven consisting of two parents and five beautiful daughters. There is 17-year-old Therese, 16-year-old Mary, 15-year-old Bonnie, 14-year-old Lux, and the youngest at 13, Cecilia Lisbon. The film begins with the first attempt at suicide by the youngest, Cecilia. She was taken to see a professional one time after her attempt. It was deemed important to help socialize. The girls threw a party in the basement not knowing that when Cecilia excused herself from the party that she would throw herself from the window, landing on the fence. Although already over-protective, this stems extreme lookout over the girls and every move they make by their parents. When summer ended, the girls went back to school. Lux, the main character for the rest of film, has some problems of her own that are not acknowledged by her parents. After Lux came home a day late from the homecoming dance, all four of th e remaining girls are put into isolation from the rest of the world. This causes the girls to communicate via Morse code to the neighbor boys who were always curious about them. It was clear that Cecilia suffered from depression due to her attempts of suicide, but it was not obvious that the other girls may have had severe depression either until what seems like a suicide pact was planned so that the boys across the street would find them all dead, which they did. Their parents promptly movedShow MoreRelatedDante s Inferno, By Dante899 Words   |  4 Pagesof Hell he portraits in the story. Dante’s Inferno is an epic poem about a recounting of Dante and his incredible journey through Hell and its many levels while he is being guided by Virgil. 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The Do This, Get That Guide On Good Topics for Presentation

The Do This, Get That Guide On Good Topics for Presentation Based on the circumstance, you may rather not speak about topics related to get the job done. Topics of the research can fluctuate greatly. If you are feeling strongly on a specific subject, do your research and talk about doing it. As there are a lot of distinct subjects, it may be somewhat hard for you to discover suitable topics for presentation assignments. You can select any of the suggested topics to produce an intriguing college presentation. Social media itself, nevertheless, is a wide topic so attempt narrowing it down to create the presentation interesting. Ethics in business is only a fad. You are interested in being regarded as someone with a certain expertise in the subject of the presentation, but you have to do it quickly. Thus, be sure you have lots of spots throughout your presentation where you are able to pause and ask a question. Our experts offer help with a myriad of essays. Very good salesmen know they need to ask questions of their prospective customer. When it has to do with creating a fantastic PowerPoint presentation, selecting an intriguing topic can define your success. You've been requested to provide a presentation. If you're still uncertain about your presentation, keep reading to obtain a variety of engaging presentation topics. Now you get your presentation in check. What the In-Crowd Won't Te ll You About Good Topics for Presentation Be confident at all times in order for your presentation can make an impact. Guarantee the podcast truly increases the texture and feel of the presentation. Make your presentation somewhat humorous. A great presentation should trigger the audience to consider over and analyze your ideas. Good Topics for Presentation Can Be Fun for Everyone The Marketing Companion podcast is one of the top small business podcasts on the planet. 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The Carl Roger Concept Free Essays

PP 8203 Practicum III Fall 2007 INSTRUCTOR: |Marjorie Witty | PHONE: |(312) 777-7702 | EMAIL: |mwitty@argosy. edu | FAX: | | ALT PHONE: |(773) 327-1046 | REQUIRED TEXTS: |Title |Client-centered therapy:   Its current practice, implications and theory | |Author(s) |Rogers, Carl R. |Copyright |1951/ 2003 | |Publisher |Houghton Mifflin/ Constable Robinson, Ltd. We will write a custom essay sample on The Carl Roger Concept or any similar topic only for you Order Now | |ISBN |1841198404   | |Edition |   | Title |Embracing nondirectivity | |Author(s) |Levitt, B. (Ed. ) | |Copyright |2005 | |Publisher |Ross-on-Wye, UK:   PCCS Books www. pccs-books. co. k | |ISBN | 898059683 | |Edition |2005 | This Course Requires the Purchase of a Course Packet: YES NO RECOMMENDED READINGS |Title |Person-centered therapy: A revolutionary paradigm | |Author(s) |Bozarth, J. D. | |Copyright | | |Publisher |Ross-on-Wye, UK:   PCCS Books www. pccs-books. co. uk | |ISBN |1898059225 | |Edition |1998 | Title |The tribes of the person-centred nation: An introduction to the schools of therapy related to the person-centered approach. | |Author(s) |Sanders, P. (Ed. ), | |Copyright | | |Publisher |Ross-on-Wye, UK:   PCCS Books www. pccs-books. co. k | |ISBN |1898059608 | |Edition | | Argosy University Illinois School of Professional Psychology Doctoral Practicum III PP 8203 Fall 2007 Syllabus Instructor: Marjorie Witty, Ph. D. Phone: (312) 777-7702 E-mail: mwitty@argosy. edu Office: 1325 Office hours: Tuesday 1:00 – 3:00; Thursday 10:00 – 12:00 Class meetings: Mondays, 3:30 – 4:45 Required readings Levitt, B. E. (2005). Embracing Nondirectivity. Ross on Rye, UK: PCCS Books. ISBN: 1 898059 68 3. Available from: www. pccs-books. co. uk (On reserve) (EN) Rogers, Carl R. (1951) Client-centered therapy: Its current practice, implications and theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Newer edition: Constable Robinson, Ltd. (2003). ISBN 1841198404. (On reserve) Wampold, B. E. (2001) The great psychotherapy debate: Models, methods, and findings. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Articles as assigned will be forwarded to you through e-mail. This course does not require the purchase of a course packet. (O) in the syllabus denotes available online or through e-mail, EN refers to Levitt text. CRR refers to Kirschenbaum Henderson’s The Carl Rogers Reader available in Library. Recommended Books (see attached bibliography at end of syllabus. Learning Objectives 1. Achievement of competence in empathic following response process, as assessed by performance in taped therapy sessions. 2. Expanding self-awareness of personal reactions and feelings during the therapy sessions measured by class discussion and students’ self-reports in the comments submitted with each of their therapy tapes. 3. Mastery of basic theory of client-centered therapy (or other orientation) through completion of all assigned readings; assessed by students’ transcript commentaries, participation in discussion. 4. Increased ability to evaluate one’s own work as a novice therapist, assessed by final self-evaluation and submission of CEC in Spring 2008. Required Assignments: Each term you will be required to present your taped session with a client from your site. Bring an audible tape. Inaudible or hard-to-hear tapes are not acceptable. Check your tape before presenting! Provide a transcript of 20 minutes of the session (any 20 minute segment is fine, but cue up your tape to coincide with the transcript before class. Bring a case conceptualization of 2 – 3 pages. Format will be covered in class. Be sure to obtain a good tape recorder from the library or bring your own on the day you are assigned to present. Schedule of presentations will be determined on the first day of class. Grading and evaluation policy Therapy practicum seminars are graded â€Å"credit/no credit. † In order to successfully complete your practicum, you must receive credit from your site supervisor, from your seminar instructor and pass your Clinical Evaluation Competency (CEC) in Spring 08. The main method of evaluation will be the comments you and I make about your tape assignments and my assessment of success in implementing the necessary and sufficient attitudinal conditions set forth by Carl Rogers. If you are having problems with the assignments, please see me to discuss the difficulty. Attendance at all classes is required. Course Outline, Readings, and Assignments September 10 Introduction to Seminar. Assignments for tape presentations. Required readings for September 10th to be read before the first class: Rogers, C. R. (1951) The attitude and orientation of the counselor. Chapter 2 of Client-centered therapy. (On reserve) Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. (CRR, pp. 219-235). September 17 Tape Presentation 1: Defining practice; goals of therapy. Evaluating progress. Required readings: Brodley, B. T. Client-centered therapy: An expressive therapy. (O) Brodley, B. T. Empathic understanding: Observations of a CC practice (O) Brodley, B. T. Instructions for the clinical interview. (O) (http://adpca. org/articles. html) September 24 Discussion: Ethics Confidentiality and its limits; taping/transcribing and disposition of records. Therapeutic boundaries. Required reading: Brodley, B. T. Ethics in psychotherapy. (handout) October 1 Tape Presentation 2: October 8 Discussion: Empathy, unconditional positive regard Required readings: Witty, M. , Raskin, N. J. , Rogers, C. R.. (in press). Client-Centered Therapy. In Corsini Wedding (Eds. ), Current Psychotherapies. Excerpt of session by Brodley w/ commentary by Witty (O) October 15 Tape Presentation 3: October 22 Discussion: Congruence: A frequently misunderstood condition Required readings: Brodley, B. T. (1998/2001). Congruence and its relation to communication in client-centered therapy. The Person-Centered Journal, 5(2), 83-116. (In the library) October 29 Tape Presentation 4 November 5 Multiculturalism Diversity Issues Required readings: Glauser Bozarth, J. D. (2001). Person-centered counseling: The culture within. Journal of Counseling Development, 07489633, Spring2001, Vol. 79, Issue 2 Database: Academic Search Elite Mier, S. Witty, M. Considerations of race and culture in the practice of non-directive client-centered therapy. In Carl Rogers Counsels a Black Client. (O) (on reserve) Knopf, N. Working with gay couples. Witty, M. (2005). Nondirectiveness and the problem of influence. (EN) November 12 Tape Presentation 5 November 19 Chronic Mental Illness and the significantly impaired Required readings: Sommerbeck, L. (2005). Nondirective therapy with clients diagnosed with a mental illness. (EN) Wilders, S. (2005) An exploration of nondirective work with drug and alcohol users. (EN) Recommended: Prouty, G. 1994) Theoretical evolutions in person-centered/experiential therapy: Applications to schizophrenic and retarded psychoses. Westport, CN: Praeger. (On reserve) Prouty, G. , Van Werde, D. Portner, M. (2002). Pre-therapy: Reaching contact-impaired clients. Ross on Wye, UK: PCCS Books. (On reserve) Shlien, J. M. (1961/2003). A client-centered approach to schizophrenia: First approximation. In A. Burton (Ed. ), The Psychotherapy of the Psychoses (pp. 285- 317). New York: Basic Books. Also in To Lead an Honorable Life: Invitations to think about Client-Centered Therapy and the Person-Centered Approach. Edited by P. Sanders. Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books. (On reserve) November 26 Tape Presentation 6 December 3 How clients make therapy work. Required readings: Brodley, B. T. (in press). Non-directivity in client-centered therapy. (O) Bohart, A. C. Chapters from How Clients Make Therapy Work. Recommended: Bohart, A. C. Tallman, K. (1999) How clients make therapy work. Washington, D. C. : APA. December 10 CCT case conceptualization and prep for CEC. Required reading: Rogers, C. R. (1961) Ellen West—and Loneliness. (in CRR, pp. 157-168) Shlien, John M. (1987/2003) A Countertheory of Transference. Person-Centered Review, 2 (1), 15-49. Reprinted in Shlien, J. M. (2003). To Lead an Honorable Life: Invitations to think about Client-Centered Therapy and the Person-Centered Approach. Edited by P. Sanders. Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books. (O)(also on reserve) Program Outcomes: The Doctoral program in Clinical Psychology at Argosy University, Chicago Campus is an APA accredited program (APA, 750 First St. NE, Washington, DC 20002, 202-336-5500). This program is designed to educate and train students so that they may eventually be able to function effectively as clinical psychologists. To ensure that students are prepared adequately, the curriculum provides for the meaningful integration of heory, training and practice. The Clinical Psychology program at Argosy University Chicago Campus emphasizes the development of attitudes, knowledge, and skills essential in the formation of professional psychologists who are committed to the ethical provision of quality services. Specific objectives of the program include the following: †¢ Goal 1: Prepare profe ssional psychologists to accurately, effectively, and ethically select, administer, score, interpret, and communicate findings of appropriate assessment methods informed by accepted psychometric standards and sensitive to the diverse characteristics and needs of clients. OBJECTIVE 1A: ACCURATELY AND ETHICALLY ADMINISTER AND SCORE VARIOUS PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTS. o Objective 1b: Accurately interpret and synthesize assessment data in the context of diversity factors, referral questions, and specific objectives of the assessment, and organize and communicate results in writing and orally. o Objective 1c: Examine psychometric properties of psychological assessment instruments, and use that knowledge to evaluate, select, administer, and interpret psychological tests and measures appropriate for the client, the referral question, and the objectives of the assessment. Goal 2: Prepare professional psychologists to select, implement, and evaluate psychological interventions consistent w ith current ethical, evidence-based, and professional standards, within a theoretical framework, and with sensitivity to the interpersonal processes of the therapeutic relationship and the diverse characteristics and needs of clients. o Objective 2a: Synthesize the foundations of clinical psychology, including psychopathology, human development, diagnosis, diversity, ethics, and various therapeutic models in clinical applications. Objective 2b: Select, plan, and implement ethical and evidence-based interventions with sensitivity to the diverse characteristics and needs of clients. o Objective 2c: Demonstrate knowledge, skills, and attitudes to effectively implement and participate in psychological consultation and supervision. Objective 2d: Demonstrate personal development and self-reflective capacity, including growth of interpersonal skills, and therapeutic relationships. †¢ Goal 3: Prepare professional psychologists to analyze the complexity and multidimensionality of human diversity, and emonstrate the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to understand diverse worldviews and the potential meaning of social, cultural, and individual differences for professional psychological services. †¢ Goal 4: Prepare professional psychologists to examine the historical context and the current body of knowledge of biological, cognitive, affective, developmental, and social bases of human functioning. †¢ Goal 5: Prepare professional psychologists to critically evaluate the current and evolving body of scholarly literature in psychology to inform professional practice. Disability Statement It is the policy of the Argosy University/Chicago to make reasonable accommodations for qualified students with disabilities, in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). If a student with disabilities needs accommodations to complete the instructor’s course requirements, the student must notify the Director of Student Services. Procedure for documenting student disability and the development of reasonable accommodation will be provided to students upon request. Students will be notified by the Director of Student Services when each request for accommodation is approved or denied in writing via a designated form. It is the student’s responsibility to present the form (at his or her discretion) to the instructor in order to receive the requested accommodations in class. In an effort to protect student privacy, Student Services will not discuss the accommodation needs of any student with instructors. Instructor’s Note: If you choose not to disclose that you have a disability which affects your academic or clinical performance, then you are taking full responsibility for any related consequences which may occur. I cannot accommodate what I don’t know about. You need not disclose the diagnosis or the nature of the disability itself, you need only bring me your accommodation letter. Disclosing a disability after an assignment is due is too late to be helpful for that assignment although accommodations can be made from that point forward. Academic dishonesty/plagiarism statement The University seeks to foster a spirit of honesty and integrity. Any work submitted by a student must represent original work produced by that student. Any source used by a student must be documented through normal scholarly references and citations, and the extent to which any sources have been used must be apparent to the reader. The University further considers resubmission of a work produced for one course in a subsequent course or the submission of work done partially or entirely by another to be academic dishonesty. It is the student’s responsibility to seek clarification from the course instructor about how much help may be received in completing an assignment or exam or project and what sources may be used. Students found guilty of academic dishonesty or plagiarism shall be subject to disciplinary action up to and including dismissal from the University. Technology Statement The University encourages the use of technology throughout the curriculum. This course uses methods such as email communication, videotapes and online syllabus and assignments. Save this syllabus Retain a copy of the syllabus as documentation of coursework that might be needed for licensure. This page is to be turned in to your instructor. It will be held by your instructor until after the grade appeal time allotment. PP8203 Practicum Seminar III Fall 2007 I, ____________________________________, have read this syllabus and understand the course requirements. Date: _____________________________________ Note: many of these readings can be found online or will be on reserve in the library. You are only required to obtain the books listed at the top of the syllabus. Recommended Readings: Asay T. P. , Lambert M. J. (1999). The empirical case for the common factors in therapy: Quantitative findings. In M. A. Hubble, B. L. Duncan, S. D. Miller (Eds. ), The heart and soul of change: What works in therapy (pp. 3-55). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Bohart, A. C. (2004). How do clients make empathy work? Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 3(2), 102-116. Bozarth, J. D. (1998). Person-centered therapy: A revolutionary paradigm. Ross on Wye, UK: PCCS Books. (On reserve) Brodley, B. T. (1999b). A client-centered demonstration in Hungary. In I. Fairhurst, Women Writing in th e Person-Centered Approach, (pp. 85-92). Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books. Brodley, B. T. (1997). The nondirective attitude in client-centered therapy. Person-Centered Journal, 4(1), 18-30. Brodley, B. T. 1999a). Reasons for responses expressing the therapist’s frame of reference in client-centered therapy. Person-Centered Journal, 6(1), 4–27. Brodley, B. T. (2000). Client-centered: An expressive therapy. In J. Marques-Teixeira S. Antunes (Eds. ), Client centered and experiential psychotherapy (pp. 133-147). Linda a Velha, Portugal: Vale Vale. Brodley, B. T. (2001). Congruence and its relation to communication in client-centered therapy. In G. Wyatt (Ed. ) Rogers’ Therapeutic Conditions: Evolution, Theory and Practice, Volume I Congruence. (pp. 55-78) Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books. Eells, T. D. 2007) Handbook of psychotherapy case formulation. New York: Guilford. Elliott, R. (2002). The effectiveness of humanistic therapies: A meta-analysis. In D. J. Cain J. Seeman (Eds. ). Humanistic Psychotherapies: Handbook of Research and Practice (pp. 57-81). Washington, D. C. : American Psychological Association. Kirschenbaum, H. , Henderson, V. L. (Eds. ) (1989). The Carl Rogers Reader. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Kirschenbaum, H. , Jourdan, A. (2005). The current status of Carl Rogers and the Person-Centered Approach. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42 (1), pp. 37-51. Lambert, M. J. Ed. ). (2004). Bergin and Garfield’s handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (5th Ed. ). New York: Wiley. Lietaer, G. , Rombauts, J. , Van Balen, R. (1990). Client centered and experiential psychotherapy in the nineties. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press. Luborsky, L. , Singer, B. Luborsky, L. (1975). Comparative studies of psychotherapies: Is it true that â€Å"everyone has won and all must have prizes†? Archives of General Psychiatry, 32, 995-1008. Mearns, D. (2003). Problem-centered is not person-centered. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 3(2), 88-101. Mier, S. Witty, M. (2004). Considerations of race and culture in the practice of non-directive client-centered therapy. In R. Moodley, C. Lago, A. Talahite (Eds. ), Carl Rogers counsels a Black client (pp. 85-104). Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books. Miller, R. B. (2004). Facing human suffering: Psychology and psychotherapy as moral engagement. Washington, D. C. : APA. Moon, K. (2002). Nondirective client-centered work with children. In J. C. Watson, R. N. Goldman M. S. Warner (Eds. ), Client-centered and experiential psychotherapy in the 21st century: Advances in theory, research and practice (pp. 485-492), Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books. Moon, K. (in press). A client-centered review of Rogers with Gloria. Journal of Counseling Development. Muran, C. (2007). Dialogues on difference: Studies of diversity in the therapeutic relationship. Washington, D. C. : APA. Patterson, J. , Albala, A. A. , McCahill, M. E. , Edwards, T. M. (2006). The therapist’s guide to psychopharmacology: Working with patients, families, and physicians to optimize care. New York: Guilford. Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client-centered therapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 95–103. Rogers, C. R. (1959a). The essence of psychotherapy: A client-centered view. Annals of Psychotherapy, 1, 51–57. Rogers, C. R. (1959b). A theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships as developed in the client-centered framework. In S. Koch (Ed. ), Psychology: A study of science, Vol. 3. Formulations of the person and the social context (pp. 184 –256). New York: McGraw-Hill. Ryan, R. M. Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55 (1), 68 – 78. Sanders, P. (Ed. ), The tribes of the person-centred nation: An introduction to the schools of therapy related to the person-centered approach. ISBN: 1898059608 Available from: www. pccs-books. co. uk (On reserve) Sanders, P. (Ed. ) (2003). To lead an honorable life: A collection of the work of John M. Shlien. Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books. Schmid, P. F. (2003). The characteristics of a person-centered approach to therapy and counseling: Criteria for identity and coherence. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 2(2), 104-120. Sommerbeck, L. (2003). The client-centered therapist in psychiatric contexts: A therapist’s guide to the psychiatric landscape and its inhabitants. Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books. Wampold, B. E. (2006). Not a scintilla of evidence to support empirically supported treatments as more effective than other treatments. In J. C. Norcross, L. E. Beutler R. F. 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Law Reform free essay sample

To do this the law must adapt to accommodate society’s changing needs and attitudes. This means that, over time, new laws must be introduced and old ones repealed or amended. The decriminalizing of homosexuality is one area in which law reform has been driven by changes in society’s values and the consequent advancement of society in recognizing equality and justice for its members, through recognition of non-traditional family structures. The effectiveness of law reform in achieving just outcomes for family members and society can be evaluated by examining issues such as the treatment of same-sex couples in adoption, recognition of same-sex marriage and same-sex couples having equal rights under the law, for example under inheritance laws, health and other insurances, superannuation entitlements and other aspects of social contract. In the case of Re J amp; M 2004, Ms. F and Ms. B were in a same-sex relationship. Ms. F gave birth to twins after IVF treatment. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Reform or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The couple separated and the Federal Magistrates Court granted them joint responsibility ‘in the best interests of the children’. This case demonstrates laws that look at â€Å"what is in the best interest of the child† rather then whether couples adopting are in a traditional relationship, two women are equally effective at achieving just outcomes for family members as a man and a woman. Therefore the two women were granted joint responsibility of the two children, even though they were a same-sex couple, as it was seen as beneficial to the children’s wellbeing. Another example, this one demonstrating equality of financial responsibility is the case of W v G 1994. W and G were in a female same sex relationship. W gave birth to two children and both W and G had joint parental responsibilities. When G left the relationship she claimed to have no financial responsibility and did not want to contribute to the support of the couple’s children. The NSW Supreme Court ordered G to pay $150, 000 to support these children. Laws introduced in Australia that ensure same-sex couples have equal financial responsibility for the families they create appear effective in this case as W and G’s same-sex relationship was recognized, thus G had to pay financial support to W, just as a heterosexual with financial capacity would have to provide child support. This creates a just outcome for the family members. Another example of law reform being effective was illustrated in a Sydney Morning Herald article, Body language said it all first same-sex couple to adopt in NSW are great dads (2010). Two men, O. V and O. W, were described as the first gay couple in NSW to be allowed to adopt children. Judge Palmer declared the men, â€Å"Unquestionably capable of parenting these two children. † This case highlights the effectiveness of law reform as it has resulted in two men being assessed only for their ability to be good parents, provide for an adopted child and create a proper home. The fact that they were a homosexual couple was not an issue. The result was just- they were treated in the same way as other couples that want to adopt would be. This also provided a just outcome for the two children and the same-sex couple as they are now legally recognized as their parents. The ABC News article Same-sex adoption bill passes NSW Parliament (2010) highlights that the law reform for same-sex adoption will be beneficial for children waiting to be adopted. The new Bill will provide children with the same stability, legal status and recognition as other children. From society’s viewpoint this change has provided not only equality for same-sex couples but has also provided more families into which children, especially those with special needs, can be placed as these children have previously not been able to find homes within traditional heterosexual couples therefore creating a just outcome for this very disadvantaged group. However, those in favor of the traditional family (a man and a woman) see this law reform as ineffective, this is evident in the ABC News article Anglicare flags withdrawal over gay adoption bill (2010). Traditional Christian religious groups see this type of law reform as a means of breaking down the fundamental values of traditional family structures and as a consequence breaking down the fabric of our society. Lack of consensus on law reform can create schisms within society that is ultimately very challenging for a cohesive approach to reform. A prominent issue is the right to marry for same-sex couples. The Marriage Act 1961 (Cwlth) and the Family Law Act 1975 (Cwlth) prohibits same-sex marriage in Australia. This legislation is ineffective at providing homosexuals the capacity of forming their own families and therefore can’t deliver just outcomes. Same-sex couples do not have the same rights as heterosexual couples. In 2004 the Howard government passed the Marriage Amendment Act 2004 (Cwlth) to specifically define marriage as â€Å"a union between a man and a women†. Family policy, such as the right to marry, if denied to same-sex couples can be seen as denying basic individuals a right within a democracy that essentially promotes equality. This can be argued to be a fundamental breach of human rights. As Justice Kirby argues in The Australian the issue of same-sex marriage is not only about property rights, it is about whether a â€Å"secular civilian status of marriage under law should be denied to other citizens whose sexual orientation is alternate† (11/9/06). This demonstrates the need for law reform to achieve just outcomes for family members and society as it is currently not recognizing same-sex marriage creating inequality under the law. In the case Corbett v. Corbett (1970) the Family Court ruled that a person remained the sex indicated on their birth certificate, irrespective of any sex change surgery. This meant that the couple could not remarry, as it wouldn’t be considered a valid marriage. The ruling on this case was ineffective for the couple because one partner’s new gender would not be legally recognized. However, 30 years later, in the case re Kevin (2001) the Court took a different position and ruled that a person who has decided to change their sexual identity can still get married and live life as the gender of their choice. In this particular case law reform was effective in providing a just outcome for the couple and any future couples who are in the same situation. Same-sex couples may undergo a ‘commitment ceremony’ so that their union is publicly acknowledged, but this is not the same as a marriage ceremony. Lucinda Schmidt, writer of the Sydney Morning Herald article Portia DeGeneres and the fight for same-sex marriage (2010), points out that the majority of Australians support same-sex marriage. Yet both major political parties are firmly against it. Same-sex couples have financial equality but the law is yet to recognize same-sex relationships under the Marriage Act. The ABC News article Opposition blocks same sex marriage push (2011) confirms that law reform on the matter of same-sex marriage is an â€Å"uphill battle† and that the current government is continually opposed to any changes in legislation. The Greens have tried to negotiate a back door approach to achieving rights for same-sex marriage with the Federal Government by negotiating with the Labor Party for the Federal Government to water down its right of veto over legislation passed in the Territories. This would mean that the ACT Government, without fear of the Federal Government vetoing that legislation, could pass the legislation proposed to permit same-sex marriages. The terms of this negotiation is set out in The Australian article Greens’ gay marriage victory (2011). However, the political ramifications of this approach meant that by the next day the Government had retreated from this change indicating that law reform is not a sufficient means by itself of achieving just outcomes for family members and society. A shift in policy on the issue of same-sex marriage will require much discussion within society as well as negotiation between third parties particularly church groups. Sometimes law reform is achieved in progressive decisions of the courts. An example of this law reform is in the case of Hope and Brown v NIB Health Fund Ltd (1995) where the NSW Supreme Court held that a same-sex couple and their son was entitled to the lower family insurance rate denied by the insurance company. This was effective in achieving just outcomes for family members and society as it allowed a same-sex family the same lower insurance rate as heterosexual couples; it enforced anti-discrimination laws in a broad and equal manner. Through the Supreme Court’s ruling it was established that bona fide same-sex couples are eligible for the equivalent family rate. Law reform was also found effective in 1999 when the Property (Relationships) Legislation Amendment Act replaced the De Facto Relationships Act 1984 (NSW) in order to address the inequalities suffered by de facto partners of a same-sex relationship. Now both heterosexual and homosexual de facto relationships are recognized under the law. This allows same-sex de facto couples the same financial treatment as heterosexual de facto couples. For example, they can now receive spouse support. However, same-sex couples are discriminated against under superannuation law: Same-sex couples cannot salary sacrifice for their partner and their intentions to leave their superannuation benefits to their partner may be challenged. Another example of where law has not been reformed to provide a just outcome for all family members is in connection with wills and probates. A relative of a deceased, who was a partner in a same-sex relationship, can successfully seek to overturn their relative’s will to obtain some support thereby annulling the clear intention of the deceased to provide for this same-sex partner. For the same-sex partner not to be able to make some provision for their partner on death can lead to extreme financial hardship. The Sydney Morning Herald article Same sex superannuation changes coming (2010) confirms that despite various statutes banning discrimination, justice in this area of family law can still be patchy, there is a need for law reform to provide better outcomes for family members and society. In conclusion, the recognition of same-sex relationships through law reform can be evaluated by examining individual issues such as the treatment of same-sex couples in adoption, recognition of same-sex marriage and same-sex couples having equal rights under the law. The discussion above shows that law reform has taken place through both judicial extension of rights through the common law and also through very specific legislative changes that have been introduced by Parliament. This combination of methods has produced increasing fairness and equality in the treatment of same-sex couples in insurance, superannuation, adoption, child support and foster care. It has not, however, succeeded in creating true equality and recognition for same-sex couples in every aspect of Australian life. This is evident through the present discussion in the community as to whether same sex marriage should be introduced. Judicial determination is not enough to change this aspect of our society and it needs specific legislative reform to bring about just outcomes for all family members and society. Unfortunately, as seen above, changes to fundamental aspects of our society, like marriage, is a fluid process and cannot take place without discussion and negotiation between different interest groups within our society. Reform is therefore just one, though crucial, tool in society’s armory to bring about just outcomes for family members and society.